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Understanding Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

 Understanding Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment


Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a common but often overlooked condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the veins in your legs can’t efficiently return blood back to the heart, leading to blood pooling in the lower extremities. Left untreated, CVI can significantly impact your quality of life.

In this blog, we’ll break down what CVI is, why it happens, how to recognize the symptoms, and what treatment options are available.

What Is Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

CVI is a long-term condition where the valves in the leg veins don’t function properly. These valves are supposed to keep blood flowing upward toward the heart. When they become weakened or damaged, blood begins to flow backward and pool in the veins.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several factors that increase the risk of developing CVI:

  • Varicose veins

  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

  • Obesity

  • Pregnancy

  • Family history of vein problems

  • Prolonged standing or sitting

  • Age (especially over 50)

  • Smoking and sedentary lifestyle

Common Symptoms

CVI symptoms often develop gradually. Some of the most common signs include:

  • Swelling in the lower legs or ankles

  • Aching, cramping, or heaviness in the legs

  • Itchy or leathery skin

  • Skin discoloration near the ankles

  • Varicose veins

  • Leg ulcers or open sores (in more advanced cases)

When to See a Doctor

If you’re experiencing persistent leg swelling, discomfort, or visible skin changes, it's important to talk to a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis can help prevent complications like leg ulcers and blood clots.

How Is CVI Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves:

  • A physical examination

  • A duplex ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in your veins

  • Reviewing your medical and family history

Treatment Options

CVI is manageable, especially when caught early. Treatment focuses on improving blood flow and relieving symptoms.

Lifestyle Changes:

  • Exercise regularly (especially walking)

  • Elevate your legs when resting

  • Avoid prolonged standing or sitting

  • Maintain a healthy weight

Medical Therapies:

  • Compression stockings to help blood return to the heart

  • Medications to reduce swelling and improve circulation

Minimally Invasive Procedures:

  • Sclerotherapy (injecting a solution into the vein)

  • Endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA)

  • Vein stripping (less common today)

Living Well with CVI

Managing CVI is a lifelong effort, but with proper care and treatment, most people live comfortably and avoid serious complications. Staying proactive with your health and seeking early treatment is key.

Final Thoughts

Chronic Venous Insufficiency is more than just a cosmetic issue. It's a medical condition that can progress if left untreated. If you suspect you may have CVI, consult your healthcare provider for a proper evaluation. Early intervention can make all the difference.

Interested in learning more about vein health or treatment options near you? Reach out to our clinic or subscribe to our newsletter for the latest tips on vascular wellness.

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Location: United States

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