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  India and Pakistan: A Conflict Etched in History, Shaped by the Present For over seven decades, the India-Pakistan conflict has defined one of the most volatile and complex rivalries in the modern world. Born from the trauma of partition in 1947, this multifaceted conflict spans territory, identity, politics, and ideology—making it far more than just a border dispute. Historical Roots: The Legacy of Partition The origin of the conflict lies in the hurried and bloody partition of British India in 1947, which created the separate states of India and Pakistan. The division left deep scars: mass migrations, communal violence, and contested borders. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, ruled by a Hindu king with a Muslim majority population, became the immediate flashpoint. When Maharaja Hari Singh chose to accede to India, Pakistan objected, leading to the first Indo-Pak war in 1947-48. The result was a divided Kashmir, with India administering two-thirds and Pakistan one-thi...